SOLAR ENERGY
Solar PV 101

How does photovoltaic (PV) technology work and what it is? PV materials and devices convert sunlight into electrical energy. A single PV device is called a cell. An individual PV cell is typically small in size, producing power that is approximately 1 or 2 watts. PV cells consist of different semiconductor materials and are usually thinner than four human hairs. Cells are placed between protective materials in a combination of glass and/or plastics to withstand outdoor conditions for many years.

The power output of PV cells will be increased when connecting them together in chains to form larger units called modules or panels. Single modules can be used, or several modules can be connected to form arrays. One to many arrays connected to the electrical grid becomes part of a complete PV system. Small or large PV systems are built to meet almost any electrical power need using this modular structure.
PV modules and arrays comprise one part of a PV system. Complete PV systems may contain stationary panel holding tracks, mounting structures that direct panels toward the sun, inverters that use the direct-current (DC) electricity produced by PV modules and convert it to the alternating-current (AC) electricity that powers all appliances or devices in your home, and batteries used to store energy for later use.
